Texts that become reality: An alternative solution for poor readers

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29329/pedper.2025.88

Keywords:

Augmented reality, Reading comprehension, Retelling

Abstract

In the teaching of reading, one of the basic skills of education, students may sometimes experience some difficulties in comprehending and remembering what they read. In recent years, electronic books and augmented reality supported books have been included in the literature as an alternative solution to these difficulties. In this study, the effect of augmented reality supported books on reading comprehension and retelling of second grade primary school students was examined. A quasi-experimental design comparing control and experimental groups was used in the study. The study group consisted of 40 students with poor reading comprehension studying in the second grade of primary school. Reading comprehension questions and retelling rubric developed for two texts with augmented support were used as data collection tools. For the analysis of the data, the Mann-Whitney U method, which is a nonparametric method, was used to compare the groups. As a result of the research, it was seen that the reading comprehension and retelling scores of the experimental group reading augmented reality supported texts were higher than the reading comprehension and retelling scores of the control group reading printed texts. The results obtained are expected to contribute to the literature on the use of AR-supported books in education.

References

Ahmadi, K., Maktabifard, L., and Momeni, E. (2015). ‘Information behaviors of children and adolescents’ interaction with print and digital books’. Human Information Interaction, 1(4), 319–328.

Akyol, H. (2016). Turkish Teaching Methods. Ankara: Pegem A Publishing.

Andrade, H. G. (1997). ‘Understanding rubrics’. Educational leadership, 54(4), 14-17.

Aşıkcan, M., and Saban, A. (2021). ‘An action research on improving fluent reading skills of third grade primary school students’. Education and Science, 46(205),19-47. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2020.9015

Bernard, R. M. (1990). ‘Using Extended Captions to Improve Learning From Instructional Illustrations’. British Journal of Education Technology, 21, 215–225.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.1990.tb00040.x

Bursalı, H., and Yılmaz, R. (2019). ‘Effect of augmented reality alications on secondary school students’ reading comprehension and learning permanency’. Computers in Human Behaviour, 95, 126-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.035

Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. and Demirel, F. (2008). Scientific Research Methods. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Publishing.

Chen, C.-M., and Chen, F.-Y. (2014). ‘Enhancing digital reading performance with a collaborative reading annotation system’. Computers and Education, 77, 67–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.04.01

Cohen, J. (1960). ‘A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales’. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37-46.

Çetin, H. (2020). ‘Arttırılmış Gerçeklik Temelli Hikayelerin Okuma Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisi Biçimlendirici Deney Araştırması [The effect of augmented reality based stories on reading skills: Formative experiment]’. PhD diss. Gazi University

Danaei, D., Jamali, H. R., Mansourian, Y., and Rastegarpour, H. (2020). ‘Comparing reading comprehension between children reading augmented reality and print storybooks’, Computers and Education, 153 (4), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103900

Demirtaşlı, N. (2012). ‘Açık uçlu soru formatı ve öğrenci izleme sistemi (ÖİS) akademik gelişimi izleme ve değerlendirme (AGİD) modülündeki kullanımı [Open-ended question format and its use in the student monitoring system (SMS) academic development monitoring and evaluation (AGID) module]’. CITO Education: Theory and Practice, 8, 22- 30.

Dünser, A. (2008). ‘Suorting low ability readers with interactive augmented reality’. Annual review of cybertherapy and telemedicine, 6(1), 39-46.

Dünser, A., and Hornecker, E. (2007). 'An observational study of children interacting with an augmented story book. In Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment: Second International Conference, Edutainment 2007, Hong Kong, China, June 11-13, 2007. Proceedings 2 (. 305-315). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73011-8_31

Dufva, T., and Dufva, M. (2019). ‘Grasping the future of the digital society’. Futures, 107, 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.11.001

Duran, E., and Alevli, O. (2019). ‘Öğrenci Görüşleri: Dijital Metin Mi, Basılı Metin Mi? [Students’ opınıons: Dıgıtal text or prınted text?]’, International Journal Of Language Academy, 2(3), 110-126. https://doi.org/10.18033/ijla.84

Flood, A. (2018). “Ebooks are stupid”, says head of one of world’s biggest publishers. Retrieved March 20, 2023 from https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/feb/20/ebooks-are-stupid-hachette-livre-arnaud-nourry

Glenberg, A. M., and W. E. Langston. (1992). ‘Comprehension of Illustrated Text: Pictures Help to Build Mental Models’. Journal of Memory and Language 26, 129–151

Grasset, R., Dünser, A., and Billinghurst, M. (2008). ‘Edutainment with a mixed reality book: A visually augmented illustrative childrens’ book’. Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology, 292–295. https://doi.org/10.1145/1501750.1501819

Gündoğan Eski, S., Aktaş, A. and Erkal, M. (2019). 2. Sınıf Türkçe Ders Kitabı [2nd Grade Turkish Textbook]. Ankara: Bilim and Culture Publications

Güneş, F. (2009). Hızlı Okuma ve Anlamı Yapılandırma [Speed reading and structuring meaning]. Ankara: Nobel Publication Distribution.

Kandemir, M., and Bay, Y. (2023). ‘The effect of using digital stories in primary school language lessons on 4th-grade students' reading comprehension skills’. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 13(2), 39-358. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.1279028

Lawshe, C. H. 1975. ‘A quantitative aroach to content validity’. Personnel psychology, 28(4), 563-575.

Liu, S., Sui, Y., You, Z., Shi, J., Wang, Z., and Zhong, C. (2024). ‘Reading better with AR or print picture books? A quasi-experiment on primary school students’ reading comprehension, story retelling and reading motivation’. Education and Information Technologies, 29(9), 11625-11644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12231-4

Mustafaoğlu, R., Zirek, E., Yasacı, Z. and Razak Özdinçler, A. (2018). ‘Dijital teknoloji kullanımının çocukların gelişimi ve sağlığı üzerine olumsuz etkileri [Negative effects of digital technology use on children's development and health]’. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addiction, 5, 227–247. http://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2018.5.2.0051

Neumann, M. (2015). ‘Young children and screen time: Creating a mindful aroach to digital technology’. Australian Educational Computing, 30(2), 1-15

OECD. 2022. ‘PISA (2022) Results The State of Learning and Equity in Education’ https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pisa-2022-results-volume-i_53f23881-en.html

Olsson, T., and Salo, M. (2011). ‘Online user survey on current mobile augmented reality alications Paper Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (75-84). IEEE.. http://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2011.6092372

Pallant, J. (2017). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS for Windows (Version 12) 6th ed. New York: Open University Press.

Petkov, D., and Petkova, O. (2006). ‘Development of scoring rubrics for IS projects as an assessment tool’ Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 3, 499-510. http://doi.org/10.28945/910

Radu, F., Radu, V., and Croitoru, G. (2011). ‘The advantage of the new technologies in learning’. In Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS international conference on Artificial intelligence, knowledge engineering and data bases, Cambridge UK

Rasinski, T. V. (2010). The Fluent Reader (2nd ed.). New York: Scholastic.

Rensink, C. (2020). ‘Global competence for today and the future’. Childhood Education, 96(4),14-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2020.1796444

Sirakaya, M., and Alsancak Sirakaya, D. (2018). Trends in educational augmented reality studies: a systematic review. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 6(2), . 60-74.

Stanica, I. C., Moldoveanu, A., Dascalu, I., Moldoveanu, F., Radoi, M., and Nemoianu, I. V. 2019.’ Emergent technologies to enrich reading outcomes through augmented reality’. Revue Roumaine des Sciences Techniques-Serie Électrotechnique et Énergétique, 64, 95-100.

Stearns, S. C. 2012. ‘Integration of technology into the classroom: Effects on reading comprehension’. Southern Illinois: Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1(248), 1-45

Stoop, J., Kreutzer, P., and Kircz, J. (2013). ‘Reading and learning from screens versus print: A study in changing habits: Part 1–reading long information rich texts’. New Library World, 114(7/8), 284-300. https://doi.org/10.1108/NLW-01-2013-0012

Strouse, G. A., and Ganea, P. A. (2017). ‘A print book preference: Caregivers report higher child enjoyment and more adult–child interactions when reading print than electronic books’. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 12, 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2017.02.001

Şahin D., and Yılmaz R. M. (2019). ‘The effect of Augmented Reality Technology on middle school students' achievements and attitudes towards science education’, Computers and Education, 144, 1-10 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103710.

Şentürk Leylek, B. (2018). ‘İlkokul üçüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin okuma becerilerinin gelişiminde ve okumaya yönelik tutumlarında dijital hikâyelerin etkisi [Effect of Digital Stories on the Development of Reading Skills of Third Grade Students in Primary Schools and their Attitudes Towards Reading]’. PhD diss. Uludağ University

Şimşek, E. E. (2024). ‘The effect of augmented reality storybooks on the story comprehension and retelling of preschool children’. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1-9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024

Şimşek, B., Direkci, B., Koparan, B., Canbulat, M., Gülmez, M., and Nalçacıgil, E.(2024). ‘Examining the effect of augmented reality experience duration on reading comprehension and cognitive load’. Education and Information Technologies, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12864-z

Qi, J., Yan, Y. and Yin, H. (2023). ‘Screen time among school-aged children of aged 6–14: A systematic review’. Global Health Research and Policy, 8(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-023-00297-z

Tena, R. R., Gutiérrez, M. P., and Cejudo, M. D. C. L. (2019). ‘Technology use habits of children under six years of age at home’. Ensaio: avaliação e políticas públicas em educação, 27(103), 340-362. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-40362019002701752

Tabachnick, B.G. and Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics. Boston: Pearson.

Turkish Statistical Institute (2024). ‘Research on Children's Use of Information Technologies’. Accessed September 01, 2024 from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=41132

Van Krevelen, D. W. F., and Poelman, R. (2010). ‘A survey of augmented reality technologies, alications and limitations’. International journal of virtual reality, 9(2), 1-20 https://doi.org/10.20870/IJVR.2010.9.2.2767

Vaughn S. and Linan-Thompson S. (2004). Research-based methods of reading instruction: Grades K-3. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Yaman, H. And Dağtaş, A. (2013). ‘Ekrandan okumanın Türkçe dersine yönelik tutuma etkisi [ımpact of on screen-reading directed towards attitude of Turkish lesson]’. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 6(7), 1233-1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/JASSS1803

Yilmaz, R. M., Kucuk, S., and Goktas, Y. (2017). ‘Are augmented reality picture books magic or real for preschool children aged five to six?’. British Journal of Educational Technology, 48(3), 824-841. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12452

Zhou, N., and Yadav, A. (2017). ‘Effects of multimedia story reading and questioning on preschoolers’ vocabulary learning, story comprehension and reading engagement’. Educational Technology Research and Development, 65(6), 1523–1545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-017-9533-2

Downloads

Published

28-03-2025

How to Cite

Selva Bakkaloğlu. (2025). Texts that become reality: An alternative solution for poor readers. Pedagogical Perspective, 4(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.29329/pedper.2025.88

Issue

Section

Articles