Writing Rules

The Processes of Reviewing and Publishing Manuscripts

1. The manuscript is reviewed by the editor to see whether its aims, subject, content, and style of writing fit the requirements of PedPer (maximum 10 days). The manuscript is approved by the editor and sent to the section editor. Other manuscripts not approved by the Editor send back to their authors/owners for revision and resubmission
2. The examination/review of the section editor results in the decision of either sending the manuscript to reviewers or returning it to their authors/owners for revision (maximum 10 days).
3. The selection processes of referees are based on expertise and experience in the relevant field. The referees are given 15 days to review a manuscript sent to them. 
4. If a reviewer thinks that she/he cannot complete the reviewing process within the given time, she/he can ask the Editor for extra time or let the Editor know that she/he is not being able to review the manuscript due to various reasons, such as the shortage of time. Doing these things help the editor assign new reviewers without losing too much time.
5. If a reviewer cannot review the manuscript assigned to her/him within the given scope of time, she/he is sent a reminder e-mail with an additional 10 days for completing the reviewing process. If she/he does not return the reviewed manuscripts within the additional time, that manuscript may withdraw from her/him. After that, it is assigned to another referee.
6. If there is a divergence of opinion between the two reviewers (one accepting the manuscript and the other rejecting it), the section editor examines the review reports, compares and contrasts the reviewers’ critics and viewpoints, as well as their reasoning to arrive at a decision. 
7. If the Section Editor does not arrive at a decision after examining the reviewer reports, then the manuscript is assigned to a third reviewer.
8. The decision for a manuscript is supposed to be given within the first 90–120 days. Then the authors are informed about the decision. The accepted papers are to be published in the following issue of PedPer.

Transparency

• The principle of transparency is at the core of the correspondences among the authors, the Editor, and the Section Editor in PedPer. However, the principle of privacy of the authors’ identity has to be kept safe in correspondence between the Editor or the Section Editor and the reviewers. Besides, the identities of the reviewers are not included in the reports sent to the authors.
• If a reviewer thinks that the manuscript assigned to her/him contains any problem related to research ethics or the data used in the study, or she/he believes that there is a conflict of interest between her/him and the author(s), she/he has to share these issues with the Editor before commencing the process of reviewing. 
• In order to attain an integrated and coherent reviewing process and to contribute to the author’s academic development, the Editor may ask the reviewers to read each other’s reports and then comment on the report she/he read. In the case of this situation, the names and identities of the reviewers have to be kept anonymous. 

Pedagogical Perspective (PedPer) Guide for Authors

Authors are advised to read the rules and regulations below and then edit their manuscripts in accordance with the relevant ones before sending it to PedPer. Please click here to reach the manuscript template and guide for authors.

Submission Checklist

Manuscript Agreement

I / We hereby accept that, the article after being accepted for publication in the Pedagogical Perspective (PedPer).

Main Body

The order of the main parts in the manuscript is as follows:

• Main title in English (max. 12 words)
• Structured abstract (min. 200 – max 250 words length)
• Keywords (in English, min. four-max. six)
• Main text
• References.  

The basic structure for a paper in PedPer format includes seven components: (Please do not use numbering in the main text)

1 – Title of the paper

2 – Structured Abstract

Structured Abstract should be 200-250 words in length and must include the following Subheading:

Purpose: State the problem in the field. Then explain the purpose of the study.

Method: Specify the research design, sample and research instrument and data analysis in brief.

Findings: Highlight the significant, interesting or surprising results.

Conclusion: Draw implications of the results for practice what we have learned to draw implications for future research.

Keywords: 3-5 key words not included in the manuscript title.

3 – Introduction

The introduction provides an overview of the research topic and explains why this topic was important to investigate what it is about.

Background of the Study, Rationale for the Study & Design, pertinent literature reviewed, the literature reviewed organized and focused, the research reviewed and critiqued in the article, research questions. In the first paragraph (introduction paragraph) please do not cite any work. State the problem in the field (including originality, novelty, or significance).

4 – Method

The method section should include the following sub-headings;

Research Design

Participant/Study Group

Data Collection and Procedure

Data Analysis

5 – Findings                          

6 – Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations

Consider the following when writing discussion, conclusions and recommendations;

1. Introduction sentence
2. Statement of the problem
3. Review of the methodology
4. Summary of the main results
5. References to previous research
6. Discussion of the results
7. Recommendations for educators, policymakers
8. Implications for research and practice
9. Suggestions for further research
10. Limitations

7 - References

Indicate that this submission is ready to be considered by PedPer by checking off the following.

Manuscript Submission

☒ I have prepared my manuscript based on the criteria listed below and I accept all submission conditions. Indicate that this submission is ready to be considered by this journal by checking off the following.

Publication Policy

☒ The manuscript is a report of original educational research or a discussion article on research topics in education.

☒ The submission has not been previously published nor sent to another journal for consideration.

☒ Within a year, I have not submitted a manuscript to PedPer as an author or co-author for review other than this manuscript.

Language

☒ Candidate manuscripts written in English

Manuscript Format

☒ The original manuscript is typed on A4 paper. The margins are 2,5 cm.

☒ Each paragraph is longer than three sentences. Do not cite any references in the first and closing sentences of a paragraph.

☒ The entire manuscript - including quotations, references, author note, content footnotes, figure captions, and all parts of tables – is 1.15 spaced.

☒ The submission file is in Microsoft Word document file format. 11-point Amasis MT Pro font is used in entire manuscript.

Anonimity

☒ Main document needs to be anonymised to allow for double blinded review. The text has had the authors' names removed. If an author is cited, "Author" and year are used in the bibliography and footnotes, instead of author's name, paper title, etc. The author's name has also been removed from the attached document.

APA 7 Headings

☒ Five different level headings appropriate to APA 7 are used in the text.

Manuscript Title

☒ The title is 10 to 12 words.

Length

☒ The maximum length of the manuscript-including structured abstract, tables, and references is 14.000 words.

Abstract

☒ The article is preceded by Structured Abstract of not more than 250 words and not less than 200 using five required headings:

Purpose (State the problem in field. Then explain the purpose of the study)

Method (Specify the research design, sample, and research instrument and data analysis in brief)

Findings (Highlight the significant, interesting or surprising results)

Concluison (Considering the most important result of the study, what are the main implications for research and practice)

(These headings may need some adaptation in the case of discussion papers: Background, Purpose of Study, Sources of Evidence, Main Argument, and Conclusions). More information available from:

(http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/authors/rereabstracts.asp)

Key Words

☒ Following the structured abstract 3 to 5 keywords are included.  You should represent the content of your manuscript and be specific to your field or sub-field. Avoid using keywords form the title of the paper.

Tables

☒ The format of headings, tables, figures, citations, references, and other details follow the APA 7 style as described in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition, available from http://www.apa.org

Figures

☒ All illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at the appropriate points, rather than at the end.

References

☒ References are listed in alphabetical order. Each listed reference is cited in text, and each text citation is listed in the References. Basic formats are as follows: Use APA 7 Manual.

☒ The in-text citations and bibliography are appropriate for the examples given below.

SOME REFERENCE EXAMPLES

Periodicals                         

1. Journal article with a DOI

McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1-51. http://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126

Parenthetical citation: (McCauley & Christiansen, 2019)

Narrative citation: McCauley & Christiansen (2019)

2. Journal article without a DOI, with a nondatabase URL

Chambers, D. W., & Turnbull, D. (1989). Science worlds: An integrated approach to social studies of science teaching. Social Studies of Science, 19(1), 155–179. http://www.jstor.org/stable/285047

Parenthetical citation: (Chambers & Turnbull, 1989)

Narrative citation: Chambers & Turnbull (1989)

3. Journal, magazine, or newspaper article without a DOI, from most academic research databes or print version

Anderson, M. (2018). Getting consistent with consequences. Educational Leadership, 76(1), 26–33.

Goldman, C. (2018, November 28). The complicated calibration of love, especially in adoption. Chicago Tribune.

Parenthetical citation: (Anderson, 2018; Goldman, 2018)

Narrative citation: Anderson (2018) and Goldman (2018)

4. Journal article with a DOI, 21 or more authors

Bozkurt, A., Jung, I., Xiao, J., Vladimirschi, V., Schuwer, R., Egorov, G., Lambert, S., Al-Freih, M., Pete, J., Olcott, Jr., D., Rodes, V., Aranciaga, I., Bali, M., Alvarez, A. J., Roberts, J., Pazurek, A., Raffaghelli, J. E., Panagiotou, N., de Coëtlogon, P., Shahadu, S., Brown, M., Asino, T. I., Tumwesige, J., Ramírez Reyes, T., Barrios Ipenza, E., Ossiannilsson, … Paskevicius, M. (2020). A global outlook to the interruption of education due to COVID-19 pandemic: Navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1-126.  10.5281/zenodo.3878572

Parenthetical citation: (Bozkurt at al., 2020)

Narrative citation: Bozkurt at al., (2020)

5. Journal article with a DOI, combination of individual and group authors

De Vries, R., Neiuwenhuijze, M., Buitendijk, S. E., & the members of Midwifery Science Work Group. (2013). What does it take to have a strong and independent profession of midwifery? Lessons from the Netherlands. Midwifery, 29(10), 1122-1128. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.07.007

Parenthetical citation: (De Vries at al., 2013)

Narrative citation: De Vries at al., (2013)

6. Journal article with an article number or eLocator

Clabough, J. (2021): Using thematic social studies teaching to explore the civil rights movement. The Social Studies, 112(4), 177-189. EJ1297598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2021.1871579

Parenthetical citation: (Clabough, 2013)

Narrative citation: Clabough (2013)

7. Journal article, in press

Pachur, t., & Scheibehenne, B. (in press). Unpacking buyer-seller differences in valuation from experience: A cognitive modeling approach. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review.

Parenthetical citation: (Pachur & Scheibehenne, in press)

Narrative citation: Pachur & Scheibehenne (in press)

8. Journal article, published in another language

Yaylak, E. (2020). Sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin öğretim yöntem ve uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi. [Evaluation of Teaching Methods and Practices of Social Studies Teachers]. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(1), 187-205. http://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.621664

Parenthetical citation: (Yaylak, 2020)

Narrative citation: Yaylak (2020)

9. Journal article, republished in translation

Piaget, J. (1972). Intellectual evolution from adolescence to adulthood (J. Bliss & H. Furth, Trans.). Human Development, 15(1), 1-12. http://doi.org/10.1159/000271225 (Original work published 1970)

Parenthetical citation: (Piaget, 1970/1972)

Narrative citation: Piaget (1970/1972)

10. Special section or special issue in a journal

Lilienfeld, S. O. (Ed.). (2018). Heterodox issues in psychology [Special section]. Archives of Scientific Psychology, 6(19, 51-104.

McDaniel, s. H., Salas, E., & Kazak, A. E. (Eds). (2018). The science of teamwork [Special issue]. American Psychologist, 73(4).

Parenthetical citation: (Lilienfeld, 2018; McDaniel et al., 2018)

Narrative citation: Lilienfeld (2018) and McDaniel et al. (2018)

Books and Reference Works                     

11. Authored book with DOI

Brown, L. S. (2019). Feminist therapy (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. http://doi.org/10.1037/0000092-000

Parenthetical citation: (Brown, 2018)

Narrative citation: Brown (2018)

12. Authored book without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version

Burgess, R. (2019). Rethinking global health: Framework of power. Routledge.

Parenthetical citation: (Brown, 2018)

Narrative citation: Brown (2018)

13. Edited book without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version

Hacker Hughes, J. (Ed.). (2017). Military veteran psychological health and social care: Contemporary approaches. Routledge.

Parenthetical citation: (Hacker Hughes, 2017)

Narrative citation: Hacker Hughes (2017)

14. Edited ebook (e.g., Kindle book) or audiobook without a DOI, with a nondatabase URL

Pridham, K. F., Limbo, R,. & Schroeder, M. (Eds.). (2018). Guided participation in pediatric nursing practice: Relationship-based teaching and learning with parents, children, and adolescents. Springer Publishing Cpmpany. http://a.co/0IAiVgt

Parenthetical citation: (Pridham et al., 2018)

Narrative citation: Pridham et al. (2018)

15. Book in a series

Turan, R., Sünbül, A. M., & Akdağ, H. (Eds.). (2014). Sosyal bilgiler öğretiminde alternatif yaklaşımlar – 1. [Alternative approaches in social studies teaching]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.

Parenthetical citation: (Turan et al., 2014)

Narrative citation: Turan et al. (2014)

Edited Book Chapters and Entries in Reference Work             

16. Chapter in an edited book with a DOI

Balsam, K. F., Martell, C. R., Jones, K. P., & Safren, S. A. (2019). Affirmative cognitive behavior therapy with sexual and gender minority people. In g. Y. Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behavior therapy: Practice and supervision (2nd ed., pp. 287-314). American Psychological Association. http://doi.org/10.1037/0000119-012

Parenthetical citation: (Balsam et al., 2019)

Narrative citation: Balsam et al. (2019)

17. Chapter in ad edited book without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version

Weinstock, R., Leong, G. B., & Silva, J. A. (2003). Defining forensic psychiatry: Roles and responsibilities. In R. Rosner (Ed.), Principles and practices of forensic psychiatry (2nd ed., pp. 7-13). CRC Press.

Parenthetical citation: (Weinstock et al., 2003)

Narrative citation: Weinstock et al. (2003)

Reports and Gray Liretature         

18. Report by a government agency or other organization

Australian Government Productivity Commission & Zealand Productivity Commission. (2012). Strengthening trans-Tasman economic relations. https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/australia-new-zealand/report/trans-tasman.pdf

Parenthetical citation: (Australian Government Productivity Commission & Zealand Productivity Commission, 2012)

Narrative citation: Australian Government Productivity Commission & Zealand Productivity Commission (2012)

19. Report by individual authors a government agency or other organization

Fried, D., & Polyakova, A. (2018). Democratic defense against disinformation. Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Democratic_Defense_Against_Disinformation_2.0.pdf

Parenthetical citation: (Fried & Polyakova, 2018)

Narrative citation: Fried & Polyakova (2018)

20. Annual report

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2017). Agency financial report: fiscal year 2017. https://www.sec.gov/files/sec-2017-agency-financial-report.pdf

Parenthetical citation: (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2017)

Narrative citation: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (2017)

Conference Sessions and Presentations  

21. Conference sessions

Fistek, A., Jester, E., & Sonnenberg, K. (2017, July 12-15). Everybody’s got a little music in them: Using music therapy to connect, engage, and motivate [Conference Session]. Autism Society National Conference, Milwaukee, Wl, United States. https://asa.confex.com/asa/2017/webprogramarchives/Session9517.html

Parenthetical citation: (Fistek at al., 2017)

Narrative citation: Fistek at al. (2017)

22. Paper presentation

Maddox, S., Hurling, J., Stewart, E., & Edwards, A. (2016, March 30-April 2). If mama ain’t happy, nobody’s happy: The effect of parental depression on mood dysregulation in children [Paper presentation]. Southeastern Psychological Association 62nd Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, United States.

Parenthetical citation: (Maddox at al., 2016)

Narrative citation: Maddox at al. (2016)

23. Symposium contribution

De Boer, D., & LaFavor, T. (2018, April 26-29). The art and significance of successfully identifying resilient individuals: A person-focused approach. In A. M. Schmidt & A. Kryvanos (Chairs), Perspectives on resilience: Conceptualization, measurement, and enhancement [Symposium]. Western Psychological Association 98th Annual Convention, Portland, OR, United States.

Parenthetical citation: (De Boer & LaFavor, 2018)

Narrative citation: De Boer and LaFavor (2018)

Dissertations and Theses   

24 Unpublished dissertation or thesis

Harris, L. (2014). Instructional leadership perceptions and practices of elementary school leaders [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Virginia.

Parenthetical citation: (Harris, 2014)

Narrative citation: Harris (2014)

25. Dissertation or theses from a database

Hollander, M. M. (2017). Resistance to authority: Methodological innovations and new lessons from the Milgram experiment (Publication No. 10289373) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison]. ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis Global.

Parenthetical citation: (Hollander, 2017)

Narrative citation: Hollander (2017)

26. Dissertation or thesis published online (not in a database)

Hutcheson, V. H. (2012). Dealing with dual differences: Social coping strategies of gifted and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer adolescents [Master thesis, The Collage of William & Mary]. William & Mary Digital Archive. https://digitalarchive.wm.edu/bitstream/handle/10288/16594/HutchesonVirginia2012.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Parenthetical citation: (Hutcheson, 2012)

Narrative citation: Hutcheson (2012)

Reviews        

27. Film review published in a journal

Mirabito, L. A., & Heck, N. C. (2016). Bringing LGBTQ youth theater into spotlight [Review of the film The year we thought about love, by E. Brodsky, Dir.]. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 3(4), 499-500. http://doi.org.10.1037/sgd0000205

Parenthetical citation: (Mirabito & Heck, 2016)

Narrative citation: Mirabito and Heck (2016)

28. Book review published in a newspaper

Santos, F. (2019, January 11). Reframing refugee children’s stories [Review of the book We are displaced: My journey and stories from refugee girls around the wolrd, by M. Yousafzai]. The New York Times. http://nyti.ms/2Hlgjk3

Parenthetical citation: (Santos, 2019)

Narrative citation: Santos (2019)

29. TV series episode review published in a website

Perkins, D. (2018, February 1). The good place ends its remarkable second season with irrational hope, unexpected gifts, and a smile [Review of the TV series episode “Somewhere else,” by M. Schur, Writer & Dir.]. A. V. Club

Parenthetical citation: (Perkins, 2018)

Narrative citation: Perkins (2018)

Unpublished Works and Informally Published Works  

30. Unpublished manuscrip

Yoo, J., miyamoto, y., Rigotti, A., & Ryff, C. (2016). Linking positive affect to blood lipids: A cultural perspective [Unpublished manuscript]. Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Parenthetical citation: (Yoo et al., 2016)

Narrative citation: Yoo et al. (2016)

31. Manuscript in preparation

O’Shea, M. (2018). Understanding proactive behavior in the workplace as a function of gender [Manuscript in Preparation]. Department of Management, University of Kansas.

Parenthetical citation: (O’Shea, 2018)

Narrative citation: O’Shea (2016)

32. Manuscript submitted for publication

Lippincott, T., & Poindexter, E. K. (2019). Emotion recognition as a function of facial cues: Implications for practice [Manuscript submitted for publication]. Department of Psychology, University of Washington.

Parenthetical citation: (Lippincott & Poindexter, 2019)

Narrative citation: Lippincott and Poindexter (2019)

Computer Software, Mobile Apps, Apparatuses, and Equipment      

33. Software

Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., Rothstein, H. (2014). Comprehensive meta-analysis (Version 3.3.070) [Computer software]. Biostat. http://wwwmeta-analysis.com

Parenthetical citation: (Borenstein et al., 2014)

Narrative citation: Borenstein et al. (2014)

34. Mobile app

Epocrates. (2019). Epocrates medical references (Version 18.12) [Mobile app]. App Store. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/epocrates/id281935788

Parenthetical citation: (Epocrates, 2019)

Narrative citation: Epocrates (2019)

Audiovisual Works 

35. TED Talk

Robinson, K. (Sir) (2006). Do schools kill creativity? [Video]. Ted Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/sir_ken_robinson_do_schools_kill_creativity/up-next

Parenthetical citation: (Robinson, 2006)

Narrative citation: Robinson (2006)

36. Webinar, recorded

Goldberg, J. F. (2018). Evaluating adverse drug effects [Webinar]. American Psychiatric Association. https://education.psychiatry.org/Users/ProductDetails.aspx?ActivityID=6172

Parenthetical citation: (Goldberg, 2018)

Narrative citation: Goldberg (2018)

37. YouTube video, or other streaming video

Cutts, S. (2017, November 24). Happiness [Video]. Vimeo. http://vimeo.com/244405542

Parenthetical citation: (Cutts, 2017)

Narrative citation: Cutts (2017)

Audio Works

38. Podcast

Vedantam, S. (Host). (2015-Present). Hidden brain [Audio podcast]. NPR. http://www.npr.org/series/42302056/hidden-brain

Parenthetical citation: (Vedantam, 2015-present)

Narrative citation: Vedantam (2015-present)

39. Radio interview recording in a digital archive

de Beauvoir, S. (1960, May 4). Simone de Beauvoir discusses the art of writing [Interview]. Studs Terkel Radio Archive; The Chicago History Museum. https://studsterkel.wfmt.com/programs/simone-de-beauvoir-discusses-art-writing

Parenthetical citation: (de Beauvoir, 1960)

Narrative citation: de Beauvoir (1960)

40. Speech audio recording

King, M. L., Jr. (1963, August 28). I have a dream [Speech audio recording]. American Rhetoric. https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm

Parenthetical citation: (King, 1963)

Narrative citation: King (1963)

Visual Works

41. Infographic

Rossman, J., & Palmer, R. (2015). Sorting through our space junk [Infographic]. World Science Festival. https://www.worldsciencefestival.com/infographics/space-junk-infographic/

Parenthetical citation: (Rossman & Palmer, 2015)

Narrative citation: Rossman and Palmer (2015)

42. Map

Cable, D. (2013). The racial dot map [Map]. University of Virginia, Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service. https://demographics.coopercenter.org/Racial-Dot-Map

Parenthetical citation: (Cable, 2013)

Narrative citation: Cable (2013)

43. Photograph

McCurry, S. (1985). Afghan girl [Photograph]. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/national-geographic-magazine-50-years-of-covers#/ngm-1985-jun-714.jpg

Parenthetical citation: (McCurry, 1985)

Narrative citation: McCurry (1985)

44. PowerPoint slides or lecture notes

Canan, E., & Vasilev, J. (2019, May 22). [Lecture notes on resource allocation]. Department of Management Control and Information Systems, University of Chile. https://uchilefau.academia.edu/ElseZCanan

Parenthetical citation: (Canan & Vasilev, 2019)

Narrative citation: Canan and Vasilev (2019)

Social Media

45. Tweet

APA Education [@APAEducation]. (2018, June 29). Collage students are forming mental-health clubs-and they’re making a difference @washingtonpost [Thumbnail with link attached] [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/apaeducation/status/1012810490530140161

Parenthetical citation: (APA Education, 2018)

Narrative citation: APA Education (2018)

46. Facebook post

Gaiman, N. (2018, March 22). 100,000+ Rohingya refugees could be at serious risk during Bangladesh’s monsoon season. My fellow UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador Cate Blanchet is [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/neilgaiman/photos/a.306989681015/10155317233951016/?type=3&theater

Parenthetical citation: (Gaimen, 2018)

Narrative citation: Gaimen (2018)

47. Instagram photo or video

Zeitz MOCAA [@zeitzmocaa]. (2018, November 26). Grade 6 learners from Parkfields Primary School in Hanover Park visited the museum for a tour and workshop hosted by [Photographs]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/BqpHpjFBs3b/

Parenthetical citation: (Zeitz MOCAA, 2018)

Narrative citation: Zeitz MOCAA (2018)

48. Online forum pos

National Aeronautics and Space Administration [nasa]. (2018, Semtember 12). I’m NASA astronaut Scott Tingle. Ask me anything about adjusting to being back on Earth after my first spaceflight! [Online forum post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/9fagqy/im_nasa_astronaut_scott_tingle_ask_me_anything/

Parenthetical citation: (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2018)

Narrative citation: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (2018)

Webpages and websites

49. Webpage on a website

Avramova, N. (2019, January 3). The secret to a long, healthy life? Think age-positive. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/03/health/respect-toward-elderly-leads-to-long-life-intl/index.html

Parenthetical citation: (Avramova, 2019)

Narrative citation: Avramova (2019)

50. Webpage on a website with a group author

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23). People at high risk of developing flu-related complications. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/high_risk.htm

Parenthetical citation: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018)

Narrative citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018)

51. Webpage on a website with no date

National Nurses United. (n.d.). What employers should do to protect nurses from Zika. https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/what-employers-should-do-to-protect-rns-from-zika  

Parenthetical citation: (National Nurses United, n.d.)

Narrative citation: National Nurses United (n.d.)

52. Webpage on a website with a retrieval date

U. S. Census Bureau. (n.d.) U. S. and world population clock. U. S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved July 3, 2019, from https://www.census.gov/popclock/

Parenthetical citation: (U. S. Census Bureau, n.d.)

Narrative citation: U. S. Census Bureau (n.d.)

More information is available from:

https://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/references-in-parentheses

http://citationonline.net/CitationHelp/csg04-manuscriptsapa.htm#references

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_books.html